順酐的及危險問題
Safety production and dangerous problems of maleic anhydride
近年來，我國順酐行業(yè)得到了快速發(fā)展，很多大型順酐裝置相序建成投產(chǎn)，其中很多企業(yè)為順酐行業(yè)的新進(jìn)入者，對于順酐中的缺乏足夠的經(jīng)驗和應(yīng)對措施，近期發(fā)生的多起事故，已經(jīng)為我們敲起了警鐘，順酐中的問題一定要引起高度重視。
In recent years, China's maleic anhydride industry has developed rapidly. Many large-scale maleic anhydride plants have been built and put into operation. Many of them are new entrants to the maleic anhydride industry. They lack sufficient experience and Countermeasures for the safety in maleic anhydride production. Recently, many safety accidents have sounded an alarm for us. The safety problems in maleic anhydride production must cause great concern See.
順酐過程中的問題
Safety problems in maleic anhydride production
由于順酐中使用的原料為純苯和二甲苯,按照危險品的火災(zāi)危險性分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GBJ 16-87)，這些原料都是屬于、甲類、易燃、易爆的危險品物質(zhì)。同時按照職業(yè)及勞動衛(wèi)生保護(hù)規(guī)定和美國職業(yè)及保健條例(OSHA)規(guī)定，苯和二甲苯亦屬于有毒、有害物質(zhì)。由于馬來酐本身的特殊物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)，以及過程中還存在著強腐蝕、高溫、高壓等環(huán)境，所以問題對順酐單位尤為重要。
As the raw materials used in maleic anhydride production are pure benzene and xylene, according to the national fire risk classification standard for dangerous goods production (GBJ 16-87), these raw materials belong to class A, class A, flammable and explosive dangerous goods. At the same time, according to China's occupational safety and labor health protection regulations and OSHA regulations, benzene and xylene are also toxic and harmful substances. Due to the special physical and chemical properties of maleic anhydride itself, and the strong corrosion, high temperature, high pressure and other environment in the production process, the safety problem is particularly important for maleic anhydride production units.
在使用純苯和二甲苯危險品物質(zhì)做原料方面，由于有嚴(yán)格、明確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范和規(guī)定，因此順酐行業(yè)各單位還都是非常重視和嚴(yán)格地按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)定和規(guī)范執(zhí)行的，所以在順酐苯氧化過程中發(fā)生爆炸和火災(zāi)事故的概率和案例很少
In the use of pure benzene and xylene dangerous goods as raw materials, because the country has strict and clear standards, specifications and regulations, the production units of maleic anhydride industry also attach great importance to and strictly implement the standards, regulations and specifications, so the probability and cases of explosion and fire accidents in the production process of maleic anhydride benzene oxidation are very few
近十余年中，隨著萬噸級順酐技術(shù)的國產(chǎn)化，順酐的單位越來越多，順酐裝置的規(guī)模越來越大，因此順酐過程的危險性也越來越大。從1990年以來到現(xiàn)在的十余年中，因為順酐脫水精制過程和設(shè)備維修改造過程中的各種事故已經(jīng)發(fā)生多起，今已經(jīng)造成死亡七人、致傷致殘數(shù)人和幾套裝置報廢的惡性事故結(jié)果。可以說我國開創(chuàng)了世界馬來酐史上造成人員傷亡惡性事故數(shù)量的“先河”，所以必須高度重視順酐過程中的問題。
In the past ten years, with the localization of ten thousand ton maleic anhydride production technology, more and more maleic anhydride production units and the scale of maleic anhydride production units are growing, so the risk of maleic anhydride production process is also growing. From 1990 to now, there have been many accidents in the production process of maleic anhydride dehydration and refining and in the process of equipment maintenance and transformation. So far, seven people have died, several people have been injured and disabled, and several production units have been scrapped. It can be said that China has created a "precedent" in the history of maleic anhydride production in the world, which caused a number of fatal accidents, so we must attach great importance to the safety problems in maleic anhydride production process.
